What is Australian longitude and latitude?

Australia spans roughly 113 to 154 degrees east longitude and 10 to 44 degrees south latitude. The country lies entirely in the southern and eastern hemispheres, with the most northerly tip at Cape York Peninsula (about 10 degrees 41 minutes south) and the most southerly point at South East Cape on Tasmania (about 43 degrees 39 minutes south).

Australia stretches about 4,000 kilometres east to west and 3,200 kilometres north to south. The east-to-west span crosses three time zones: Australian Eastern Standard Time (UTC+10) for New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Tasmania, and the ACT; Australian Central Standard Time (UTC+9.5) for South Australia and the Northern Territory; and Australian Western Standard Time (UTC+8) for Western Australia. Daylight saving in summer adds a further complication, observed by all states except Queensland, the Northern Territory, and Western Australia.

The Tropic of Capricorn at 23.5 degrees south runs across central Australia, passing close to Rockhampton in Queensland, Alice Springs in the Northern Territory, and Carnarvon in Western Australia. Everything north of the tropic is by definition in the tropics, while everything south is in the temperate zone. Most major cities including Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth, and Hobart sit south of the tropic.

Australia is closest to Indonesia in the north (with Christmas Island just 350 kilometres south of Java) and to New Zealand in the east (about 1,800 kilometres across the Tasman Sea). Antarctica lies about 3,500 kilometres south of Tasmania across the Southern Ocean. The country includes external territories that extend its longitudinal and latitudinal reach further still, including Heard Island at 53 degrees south and the Australian Antarctic Territory reaching to the South Pole.