Federalism
Definition
The system of government in which power is divided between a central national government and individual state governments.
Explanation
Federalism is a fundamental principle of the U.S. Constitution that divides governmental power between the national government and the states. The Constitution grants specific powers to the federal government, such as regulating interstate commerce, managing foreign policy, and establishing federal courts. Powers not specifically granted to the federal government are reserved to the states or the people, as stated in the Tenth Amendment. This division of power was designed to prevent any single government from becoming too powerful and to allow states to address local needs while maintaining national unity. Examples of federal powers include printing money and managing the military, while state powers include regulating intrastate commerce and establishing local school systems. The balance between federal and state power has evolved throughout American history.
Why this matters for your test
Federalism is a core concept in American government that frequently appears on the USCIS civics test. You should understand how power is divided between the federal and state governments.
Source: USCIS 128 Civics Questions (2025)